Kenya

Map of Kenya

Country	Republic of Kenya
Capital	Nairobi
Independence	12 December 1963 (from the UK)
National holiday	Independence Day, 12 December (1963); Madaraka Day, 1 June (1963); Mashujaa Day, 20 October (2010)
Population	44,037,656 (July 2013 est.)
Sex ratio	1.02 male(s)/female  0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female  15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female  25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female  55-64 years: 0.82 male(s)/female  65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female  total population: 1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Nationality	Kenyan
Religions	Christian 82.5% (Protestant 47.4%, Catholic 23.3%, other 11.8%), Muslim 11.1%, Traditionalists 1.6%, other 1.7%, none 2.4%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 census)
Languages	English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages
Literacy	age 15 and over can read and write  total population: 87.4%  male: 90.6%  female: 84.2% (2010 est.)
Location	Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania
Geographic coordinates	1 00 N, 38 00 E
Map references	Africa
Area	total: 580,367 sq km land: 569,140 sq km water: 11,227 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than twice the size of Nevada
Land boundaries	total: 3,477 km border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, South Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
Coastline	536 km
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate	varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Terrain	low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m
Natural resources	limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower
Industries	small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism
Exports - commodities	tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement
Imports - commodities	machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics
Land use	arable land: 8.01% permanent crops: 0.97% other: 91.02% (2005)
Irrigated land	1,030 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources	30.2 cu km (1990)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)	total: 1.58 cu km/yr (30%/6%/64%) per capita: 46 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards	recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons volcanism: limited volcanic activity; the Barrier (elev. 1,032 m) last erupted in 1921; South Island is the only other historically active volcano
Environment - current issues	water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography – note	the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value

Kazakhstan

Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan
conventional short form: Kazakhstan
local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy
local short form: Qazaqstan
former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Capital::           Astana
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan is divided into two time zones

Government type: republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch

Location	Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural (Zhayyq) River in eastern-most Europe
Geographic coordinates	48 00 N, 68 00 E
Map references	Asia
Area	total: 2,724,900 sq km land: 2,699,700 sq km water: 25,200 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than four times the size of Texas
Land boundaries	total: 12,185 km border countries: China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,224 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km
Coastline	0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)
Climate	continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid
Terrain	vast flat steppe extending from the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east and from the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases and deserts of Central Asia in the south
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Vpadina Kaundy -132 m highest point: Khan Tangiri Shyngy (Pik Khan-Tengri) 6,995 m
Natural resources	major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium
Land use	arable land: 8.28% permanent crops: 0.05% other: 91.67% (2005)
Irrigated land	35,560 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources	109.6 cu km (1997)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)	total: 35 cu km/yr (2%/17%/82%) per capita: 2,360 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards	earthquakes in the south; mudslides around Almaty
Environment - current issues	radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with former defense industries and test ranges scattered throughout the country pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers that flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salination from poor infrastructure and wasteful irrigation practices
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - note	landlocked; Russia leases approximately 6,000 sq km of territory enclosing the Baykonur Cosmodrome; in January 2004, Kazakhstan and Russia extended the lease to 2050