Holy See (Vatican City)

Location	Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)
Geographic coordinates	41 54 N, 12 27 E
Map references	Europe
Area	total: 0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.7 times the size of The National Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries	total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)
Climate	temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)
Terrain	urban; low hill
Elevation extremes	lowest point: unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed elevation 75 m
Natural resources	none
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Irrigated land	0 sq km
Natural hazards	NA
Environment - current issues	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification
Geography - note	landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)