Mongolia

Location	Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Geographic coordinates	46 00 N, 105 00 E
Map references	Asia
Area	total: 1,564,116 sq km land: 1,553,556 sq km water: 10,560 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Alaska
Land boundaries	total: 8,220 km border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)
Climate	desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain	vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Hoh Nuur 560 m highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m
Natural resources	oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
Land use	arable land: 0.76% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.24% (2005)
Irrigated land	840 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources	34.8 cu km (1999)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)	total: 0.44 cu km/yr (20%/27%/52%) per capita: 166 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards	dust storms; grassland and forest fires; drought; "zud," which is harsh winter conditions
Environment - current issues	limited natural freshwater resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note	landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia