Sudan

Location	north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
Geographic coordinates	15 00 N, 30 00 E
Map references	Africa
Area	total: 1,861,484 sq km land: NA water: NA
Area - comparative	slightly less than one-fifth the size of the US
Land boundaries	total: 6,751 km border countries: Central African Republic 175 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,275 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 769 km, Libya 383 km, South Sudan 2,184 km note: Sudan-South Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei region pending negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan
Coastline	853 km
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate	hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)
Terrain	generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Red Sea 0 m highest point: Jabal Marrah 3,071 m
Natural resources	petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower
Land use	arable land: NA permanent crops: NA other: NA (2005)
Irrigated land	18,630 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources	154 cu km (1997)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)	total: 37.32 cu km/yr (3%/1%/97%) per capita: 1,030 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards	dust storms and periodic persistent droughts
Environment - current issues	inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note	dominated by the Nile and its tributaries